A Career in Graphic Arts Essay -- Careers Jobs Artistic Essays

A Career in Graphic Arts A career in graphic design is perfect for a creative individual who has a sense of design. "A graphic designer is one who creates ideas that are expressed in words and/or pictures, and generally solves problems of visual communication," says Paul Rand, a professional designer (23). Employment in this profession is projected to increase 29% by the year 2006, which is the highest of any career according to a study done by the American Institute of the Graphic Arts (3). A graphic designer may work in a variety of places including a large firm or corporation, a specific design agency, a magazine or newspaper, or even in his own home as a freelance designer. There are few specific requirements needed to be involved in graphic design. However, there are similar traits and qualities that most designers generally possess, including training, knowledge of specific elements, using criticism positively, and a keen eye for color and balance. The cost of being a graphic designer must also be factored in. Graphic design is a career that offers a creative outlet but can be quite stressful, which is why designers must be cooperative and work well with others. A dexterous designer knows how to use criticism positively. Oftentimes criticism is what makes a piece of art better. Depending on the project, job duties may include designing and preparing layouts, sketching out ideas, arranging the materials needed, or putting together the final image. Since there may be different requirements for each client, a graphic designer (on average) should have the ability to be spontaneous and creative and work well under pressure and stressful in situations. "DO NOT be a designer if you stress out easily!" says Steve Jones (interview). In many cases a designer has deadlines which may not be negotiated with his clients, and therefore he must work productively. There is also the downside of creating an image that is not accepted by the client; the designer must then discuss what is wrong with it and perhaps start over. "Any job becomes creative when the doer cares about doing it right, or doing it better." (Borenstein) Certain clients leave the project completely open-ended and up to the designer, while others have a specific idea in mind. It is important for the designer to remember that he is creating a piece of work for someone else’s liking, and it... ...e final product will be worth it. As any artist knows, the cost of supplies adds up fast. The image(s) can either be taken from a photograph, a sketch, a painting, or any other type of art. There is also the need for access to a computer, scanner, and printer. Computer programs that are specifically designed for the graphic arts can be quite costly, such as Photoshop (about $600). In order to produce a nice piece of work, these materials are necessary. Other computer programs include Quark, Adobe Illustrator, and Corel Draw. In order to be a leading designer in the future, individuals in the profession must have the ability to come up with original and unique ideas. One who enjoys preparing layouts for school projects or arranging art into a final composition would excel in the graphic design field. Not anyone can be a graphic designer; only those who accept responsibility and have a natural ability in design will enjoy this career. Modern-day designers will be the leaders of the next millennium and will produce the designs that will be seen for years to come. The opportunities as a graphic artist are endless. Bibliography: Paul Rand American Institute of the Graphic Arts

The Bridge at Dong Ha

The book The Bridge at Dong Ha written by John Miller is a narrative description of the story of how a bridge on Cua Viet river separating north and South Vietnam was destroyed by a brave American marine captain named Ripley in 1972 in US Vietnam war. The destruction delayed the movement of Vietnamese forces from the north to the south by three long years. The book narrates this adventurous event in a gripping and wonderful language. The presentation and the language of the book have made it very attractive to the readers.The Bridge at Dong Ha 3 The Bridge at Dong Ha by John Miller The book The Bridge at Dong Ha written by John Miller is the story of a genuine marine war hero of America’s war history. It also displays the dedication to duty of a person. The backdrop of the story is US Vietnamese war. There was a strong heavy bridge built by the US army several years back on the Cua Viet River in Vietnam. The bridge used to separate North Vietnam from South Vietnam.America was loosing out in the US Vietnam war and a large army of Vietnamese forces were approaching from the north to take over the south. The book The Bridge at Dong Ha has described how an officer from US marine forces named Captain Ripley destroyed this bridge with tremendous courage and aggression on Easter Sunday, 1972. It is to be noted that the destruction of this bridge that delayed the advancement of the Vietnamese army towards the south for three long years.The book has given the detailed description of his courage and it is really fascinating to go through the book. The book is an excellent narration of the events of how a single man, with his tremendous courage and dedication towards his nation destroyed the bridge and stopped the aggression of the enemy force comprising of 30,000 soldiers and 200 tanks. All these are available in the website http://www. amazon. com/Bridge-Dong-Ha-Bluejacket-Books/dp/155750587X. Every action of the event has been described in detail in the book. To quote from the website http://www. amazon.com/Bridge-Dong-Ha-Bluejacket-Books/dp/155750587X, â€Å"Capt Ripley climbs over barbed wire fences, swings across the under girding of the bridge, and fights this battle from street to foxhole around the little The Bridge at Dong Ha 4 town of Dong Ha (just a few miles from the DMZ). The writing is wonderful and gripping, putting you face-to-face with the action as it unfolds hour by hour. † While describing the heroism of Captain Ripley, the author has stated how he hand walked on the beams under the bridge, holding detonators with his teeth and brought back the burning fuses back to shore.He did all the risky jobs by himself and saved the life of his fellow soldiers from sure death. This heroic act earned him a Navy Cross in 1962. All these have been stated in the website http://www. amazon. com/Bridge-Dong-Ha-Bluejacket-Books/dp/155750587X The toughest part of the entire operation is that when Captain Ripley was in the process of detonating the bridge, continuous light machines firing was going on from the northern side of the bridge from the Vietnamese troops. Under such heavy firing, Captain Ripley completed the entire operation, risking his whole life and safeguarding the life of his other comrades.All these have been mentioned in the above mentioned website. The description not only shows his courage, but also displays his level of intelligence as he took the decision of destroying the bridge against the command from his superior officers. To quote from the above mentioned website, http://www. amazon. com/Bridge-Dong-Ha-Bluejacket-Books/dp/155750587X, â€Å"Ripley's gallant effort was especially courageous since he was acting against a command suggestion to hold the bridge for a counterattack that could not have been mounted, and South Vietnamese troops were in disarray and fleeing to the South all around theThe Bridge at Dong Ha 5 Vietnamese unit he advised. Miller's narration of this small action tend s more toward the sensational than the historical. † Though some people say that the book opened in a relatively slow note, but actually the stage was being set for a drama and all the main characters involved were introduced one by one. They include ARVN Major Le Ba Birth; his bodyguard Three Finger Jack, US Army major Jim Smock; and Birth's advisor, Ripley – the hero of the event and also the book.It has been mentioned in the above named website that Ripley was a product of American marine, Airborne, Ranger and Seal training with some added polish from British Royal Marine. The emotional side of Captain Ripley has also been nicely described by the author in the book. There was a time when he charged into the middle of a mortar fire to save the life of a little young girl. The humanity side is also displayed while narrating the events related to the behavior of the radioman, the commander of South Vietnam unit and the commander’s bodyguard.Dedication of Vietname se men towards their nation has also been described in the book. This seemed to be a very balanced approach. Another part that needs appreciation is that the author John Miller interviewed in detail Captain Ripley about the entire event while penning down the history. It has been stated in the above mentioned website that many minor incidents of the operation has been so vividly described that many civilians may not understand or feel the reason behind those actions, but only marine people can feel and judge them.Due to these factors, the reading of the book is not only fascinating, but I feel it can be described more of an adventure history type. It seemed as if an historical The Bridge at Dong Ha 6 event is presented and written in the language of adventure. This factor has made the reading of the book attractive to the readers. This can be understood from the comments by a reader in one of the reviews posted in the website http://www. amazon. com/Bridge-Dong-Ha-Bluejacket-Books/d p/155750587X.To quote from that review, â€Å"It is difficult for a reader to appreciate this without almost an engineering drawing of the undersides of the bridge. I would have loved to see drawings showing the design of the bridge, with little arrows and annotations, ‘pulled xx pounds of explosives across this girder'†. Frankly speaking, I do not consider the above quote from the reader a criticism of the book. I feel that the reader has become so involved with the drama that he is expecting a Stallone or Jacky Chan type of Hollywood thriller while reading the book.The writing of the book is so thrilling and gripping. It seemed that he is watching a movie version of the book. A diagrammatic presentation of the event would satisfy that expectation. But obviously that is not done. I have never seen any thriller novel, where the story has been described in the form of a diagram. I really appreciate the initiative taken by the author in penning down the heroic act of Capt ain Ripley so that the message of his heroism can be known by the future generations. Only a narrative description would have made reading of the book quite boring and history type.His blending of adventure and history has really made the book attractive for reading to the masses. In all the reviews, I found that readers have openly stated that they like the dramatic presentation of this 186 pages book a lot. It seemed that the author really understands the pulse of the readers. The Bridge at Dong Ha 7 Reference List 1) Customer reviews on November 10 2002, December 27 1999, August 12 2006 and also Editorial reviews: Retrieved 12th March, 2009 from

James Madison on the Constitution and the Bill of Rights...

James Madison, an American statesman and political theorist that was present at the constitutional convention. Many of the ideas proposed by Madison are part of the reason that the Constitution has withstood the test of time. Madison was ultimately prepared to deal with one of the biggest problems this new government would face in his eyes, factions. Factions, which as defined by Madison are â€Å"a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community† (Madison 156). Madison addresses various ways that he sees factions can be cured of its†¦show more content†¦A republic is based more on electing a set number of officials for each group or faction and having the officials do the voting for the given faction. Madison saw this as a way to counteract factions by not get ting rid of them, but instead having factions cancel each other out by majority vote. This is due to the fact that if you have a lot of factions that have different on a given topic then no matter how big or small the faction is each will get equal representation and in theory the majority vote would show what the nation as a whole wants not just what one large overruling faction wants. Madison knew that a republic would not be full proof though. He saw that to get a positive outcome out of this republic system that the government would have to find a way to pass positive views through a given medium in which who have the interest of the country in mind. This is so that the government can be sure that what is going on in society is for the good of the public. Madison took notice of a repeating question he faced when putting this plan together. Whether small or extensive republics are most favorable for the election of proper guardians for the prosperity of the public (Madison 158)? Madison knew that the number of representatives must be raised to a certain number. The problem here is that if you enlarge the number of electors for a given representative too much that he would lose the local interests, but if you made theShow MoreRelatedThe Contributions Of James Madison1383 Words   |  6 Pagesof them that stands out a lot the most due to his contributions that he did to America, that person is our fourth president James Madison. James Madison was certainly, one of the smartest and thoughtful presidents, James Madison set the most important precedent in United State history. James Madison served as the president of the United States from 1809 to 1817. James Madison beliefs that a strong central government was important to successfully unify a country under a sound government, he made manyRead MoreEssay on James Madison1503 Words   |  7 PagesThe Founding Brother: James Madison The American Revolution emerge, and new ideas and changes were made from the Founding Brothers. The Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation...were all made and edit from the Founding Brothers. One of the Founding Brothers, did not experience the American revolution. James Madison, a federalist who was a republican-democratic had many goals he wanted to achieved. He looked back and was able to see what aspects of were done wrong and try toRead MoreThe Bill Of Rights By Donald Lutz Essay1433 Words   |  6 Pagesdefined by the national Constitution.† There were two reasons the Bill of Rights was dangerous, â€Å"first, any listing was bound to leave out rights that would in the future be considered important but by their absence from the bill of rights imply that they were not protected.† This meant that in order to ensure that every member of the public was represented, the list of enumerated rights would need to be quite long. The author, Donald Lutz continues, â€Å"second, since bills of rights were statements ofRead MoreAnalysis Of James Madison s Federalist 847 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussing what James Madison meant in Federalist number10. Federalist number 10 an essay that wish written by James Madison on November 22 1787. It was a part of a series of essays proposed my Alexander Hamilton. The Federalist Paper essays were written to dispute the authorization of the United States Constitution. In Federalist number 10 Madison recognized that there was many different factions. He says that the republican government that is put together by the new Constitution will allow all factionsRead MoreImpact Of James Madison On Religion1008 Words   |  5 PagesJames Madison’s Impact on Religion in the United States Among historic figures of The United States in the Nineteenth century, James Madison is well known. He is best known as the fourth president of The United States following Thomas Jefferson in 1808. Among his many accomplishments are the signing of The Declaration of Independence and the formulation of our United States Constitution. Most Americans do not realize that one of his greatest achievements was the separation clause in the amendmentsRead MoreEffects Of Ratifying The Constitution Robert Whitehill s Speech On September Essay931 Words   |  4 Pagesin Pennsylvania, United States. He was the son of James and Rachel (Cresswell) Whitehill. He attended the common schools. He was a very successful adult and accomplished a lot in his adult life. He held a lot of political positions such as speaker of the senate, member of the State house of representatives, along with many other things. When ratifying the Constitution Robert Whitehill’s Speech on November, 28 1787 was â₠¬Å"If indeed the Constitution itself so well defined the powers of the governmentRead MoreThe Federalist Papers By Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, And John Jay1176 Words   |  5 Pageseasily forfeit. They argued that the Constitution didn’t require a Bill of Rights. The Federalist Papers written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, summed up the thoughts of many Federalists. In Federalist Paper No. 84 Publius, a pseudonym under which they wrote, addressed Antifederalist worries, â€Å"Bills of rights†¦ are not only unnecessary in the proposed Constitution, but would even be dangerous.† Publius argued that because the Constitution was â€Å"founded upon the power of the people†Read MoreJames Madison : The Founding Father Of Our Nation1519 Words   |  7 PagesPresident James Madison Thesis: Even though James Madison faced opposition from the Anti-Federalists over the Constitution, his political convictions acquired in his early years in Virginia strengthened his arguments and led to the adoption of the Constitution, his two-term presidency, and his title as a founding father of our nation. Summary: James Madison was born in Virginia to wealthy planters, and owners of Montpelier plantation (Broadwater 1). Madison’s love of books led him to pursue an educationRead MoreBill of Rights Essay1647 Words   |  7 PagesThe â€Å"Bill of rights† had been proposed as a follow up to Parliament’s original Habeas Corpus bill, which safeguarded personal freedom and liberty. Now just about every colony had a bill of rights, so James Madison suggested that if the United States was to survived as a a country it would need to have a set of rules versus thirtheen and every state would have the same rules. In 1789, James Madison proposed a series of legislative articles to the first United States congress, but the processes tookRead MoreJames Madison : Virginian Representative And Father Of The Constitution1174 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Government 272146 James Madison: Virginian Representative and Father of the Constitution James Madison, the son of a farmer, was nicknamed the â€Å"Father of the Constitution† (Garrett Ward, 2) (Garrett Ward, 2) for his large role in ratifying the Constitution. He was also very well-known for his Federalist ideals which still are followed in our government today. Not only did Madison aid to formulate the Constitution but he also made the frame for the Bill of Rights and became the 4th President

An Unfolding of William Blakes quot; the Chimney...

An Unfolding of William Blakes The Chimney Sweeper. William Blakes poem The Chimney Sweeper gives us a look into the unfortunate lives of 18th century London boys whose primary job was to clear chimneys of the soot that accumulated on its interior; boys that were named climbing boys or chimney sweepers. Blake, a professional engraver, wrote this poem (aabb rhyme), in the voice of a young boy, an uneducated chimney sweeper. This speaker is obviously a persona, a fictitious character created by Blake, as it is apparent that he wasnt a child or a chimney sweeper at the time he wrote this poem. The Chimney Sweeper is divided in six stanzas; the first stanza of this narrative poem starts off with the young chimney sweeper,†¦show more content†¦The voice of the story, the young boy, in the seventh verse showed compassion for the new climbing boy and by doing this he made visible to us that the real child in him had not died, that although he had to work in conditions that were not suitable for a boy his age, he still kept his humanity. In the poems next 2 stanzas the narrator speaks about a dream that Tom Dacre had the same day his youth was taken from him. He had dreamt that sweepers whom he knew where all of them locked up in coffins of black. The black color of these coffins means, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, seriously bad or unfortunate, associated with severely bad conditions or misfortune. The coffins, which are a container in which a dead body is placed for a burial (OED), represent all of them being trapped in this miserable black world where, ironically, children worked to make money for adults. The entire dream is influenced by Toms fear of being trapped in this hell for all his life. Later, in the fifth stanza an Angel appeared in Toms dream that opened up the coffins and set them free of their misfortune. This angel that freed them can be considered as an omen, a sign that shows how something, good or bad, will happen in the future. Tom ran down a flat expanse of land with the sweepers where they had fun and washed themselves up. The words bright and shine Blake used in verses thirteen

Advances And Development Of Tourism A Literature Of Review

Advances of Technology in Tourism: A Literature of Review Introduction Technologies have influenced the growth and development of tourism industry in many ways. The issue that will be covered in this literature review is the advances of technology in tourism. The purpose of this literature review will explore the major opportunities for tourism service providers. The literature gathered from a variety of resources in particular areas of Internet and social media, innovation of technology in multimedia and hotel design, and transport technology. Role of Technology in Tourism Nowadays, the use of technology has grown rapidly in the world. Technology has come and has improved the mode of transportation and information in recent decades, whereas the opportunities for tourism were seemed very limited far before the 20th century (Murthy,2008). United Nations of World Tourism Organisation (2015) noted that the tourism industry has experienced a continuous and rapid growth during the last six decades, and become the fastest growing economic sector and leading industry in the world. Statista (2013) also found that tourism and travel industry have directly impacted on the global economy, and have contributed 2.2 trillion U.S dollars in 2013 from accommodation, entertainment, attraction and transportation. From this perspective, it can be agreed that high technology has played significant roles in the development of tourism industry. UNWTO Affiliate member (2011) suggestedShow MoreRelatedArticle Review: Why Sustainable Tourism Must Address Climate Change by Da niel Scott1278 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Sustainable Tourism and Climate Change Introduction This paper reviews Daniel Scotts article in the Journal of Sustainable Times Why sustainable tourism must address climate change. Objectives Scott takes issue with a previous article written by David Weaver in the Journal of Sustainable Times. According to Scotts narrative, Weaver presented several interrelated issues that essentially dispute some of the proven science of climate change. Climate change studies are valid and the researchRead MoreLiterature Review: Nature-Based Tourism1619 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Literature Review: Nature-based Tourism Nature Based Tourism Nature-based tourism is defined any kind of tourism that depends on experiences openly connected to natural lures and this does involve things like ecotourism, extractive tourism, wildlife tourism adventure tourism, and nature retreats (Schumacher, 2007). From the position of conservation, nature-based tourism delivers inducements for local communities and landowners to protect wildlife environments that are upon which the industryRead MoreTitle713 Words   |  3 Pagesthe set targets in line with the overall retail targets plan. Additionally, I am directly responsible for personnel management. This includes staff scheduling, coaching staff in their day to day activities, identifying training development needs, and performance reviews. Secondary tasks include stock monitoring, stock ordering, cash handling and the overall management and upkeep of the retail outlets which fall within my domain. Retail Sales Manager – (Micro Media Ltd) Period: March 2003Read MoreEnhancing the Tourist Destination: An analysis of the Official Tourism Website of Indonesia1378 Words   |  6 PagesB. Literature Review 1. Tourism Discourse Tourism is a movement which comprises the straight interaction between cultures and all that this conception consist of namely culture and heritage, folklore, customs, gastronomy, dancing, rules, etc. The relationship between language and tourism has been paid attention by some scholars such as MacCannell (1976) and Urry (1990) who argue the tourism development depends on language use and how to construct and define the tourist experience and destinationRead MoreFuture Impact of Climate Change on Alpine Winter Tourism1487 Words   |  6 PagesFuture impact of climate change on Alpine winter tourism Climate change is a major issue that shapes present decision making and presents possible challenges for future leaders (Grundmann 2006). The impact of climate change on Alpine winter tourism is examined in this article. The authors main argument is that climate change has the capacity to influence negatively the numbers and types of tourist that visit alpine areas. The influence occurs because climate change has an influence on the weatherRead MoreCross Culture Platform And Heritage Theme Essay1466 Words   |  6 Pageswide range of in-house services like Gymnasium, Restaurant, Spa, Swimming pool, Conference hall, Banquet Hall, Souvenir shop, Theme evenings, and Puppet shows. To be with time and to survive in cut throw competition, we will adopt most latest and advance technology. We are going to start King Darbar hotel is at Ahmedabad ,Guajarat. Ahmedabad is commercial city of Gujarat and strongest transportation system such as Railway, AMTS, BRTS, Metro Train and Airport is just 15min away from our Hotel. KingRead MoreTravel Agency1721 Words   |  7 Pagesdynamically growing in the recent years, not only in the number of tourist but also the number of it’s different fields. One of these is the expansion of Travel Agencies. Travel Agency is one of the service intensive industries and indispensible among the tourism business. But what is the specific role of travel agency in the hospitality industry and how does it affect the whole industry. Travel Agency is defined as a retail business selling travel-related products and services to customers on behalf ofRead MoreThe Cultural Heritage Within The Uk1731 Words   |  7 Pagesdue to the sustainability of Cultural Heritage within the UK. For relevance to future generations, museums and galleries must show their social purpose by becoming increasingly aware of visitors wants need for a valuable experience. Through the development of their customer service roles will help examine the ways in which museums can expand their communication practices and achieve best practice (McLeod, 2012). Per ONS (Office of National Statistics) states that since 2008, there has been 10 millionRead MoreNew-Fangled League: Cruise, Medical, Film, Wedding and Spiritual Tourism5184 Words   |  21 PagesWedding and Spiritual tourism Shivgit Dhaliwal 1.Abstract Tourism is an age old activity associated with civilized nations. Thus, tourism literature too has a long history. This paper critically exam the positioning of a New-fangled league of tourism products in India. The creation of New- fangled tourism products like medical tourism, spiritual tourism, religious circuits, wedding tourism, cruise tourism, caravan tourism and film tourism has served to widenRead MoreMarket Segmentation in Hospitality Research6132 Words   |  25 PagesMarket segmentation in hospitality research: no longer a sequential process John T. Bowen William F. Harrah College of Hotel Administration, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA Explores development in market segmentation relating to hospitality and tourism research published between 1990 and 1998. The literature is divided into three sections: segmenting a market; market targeting and marketing positioning. Identiï ¬ es new areas for research, deeper examination of segments, identiï ¬ cation of difference

Capstone-online shopping the retail stores - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Capstone-online shopping the retail stores. Answer: Introduction: The research proposal is trying to investigate the impact of virtual reality online shopping on the retail stores and its advantages and disadvantages for the customers. Due to the advancement of technology, internet is helping people in various ways including online shopping. Virtual reality has immense impacts on the ways people purchase products online without any difficulties. There is an enhanced popularity of online shopping. There are vital effects of the 3D virtual world on the mode of communication of the customers with the retailers. This has lead to the reduction of footfall in the retail stores. The proposal tries to find out the impacts of the virtual reality online shopping on the stores and its advantages and disadvantages. The analysis will be done based on the research objectives and the research questions will be addressed accordingly. Justification The virtual reality online shopping is becoming very popular and research needs to be done to know about its impact on the retail stores and the shopping behavior of the customers through online. The research about the advantages and disadvantages of virtual reality online shopping needs to be conducted to help the customers in knowing about the technicalities of virtual reality. The authors have stated a number of opinions about virtual reality but there have been a number of gaps leading to the conduction of further research about the topic. Aim of the research: The main goal of the research is to critically analyze the research gaps about the future of virtual reality online shopping and its impact on the stores. Research objectives: The objectives of the study are discussed as follows: To investigate the impact of virtual reality on online shopping To find out the future trend of virtual reality online shopping To analyze the impact of virtual reality online shopping on the store To figure out the advantages and disadvantages of virtual reality online shopping Research questions: The questions of the study are as follows: What are the impacts of virtual reality on online shopping? What is the future trend of virtual reality online shopping? What are the impacts of the virtual reality online shopping on the retail stores? What are the advantages and disadvantages of virtual reality online shopping? Literature Review There has been an immense impact of the online shopping in the life of an individual. Virtual reality has helped in the transformation of the online shopping pattern. It is able to attract a lot of people today. There is a huge technical impact of 3D on the virtual reality online shopping. It helps in the communication of the people with the retailers. It has the possibility of reincarnate in the environments in the future. Virtual shopping is having impacts on the retail stores and the footfall has reduced remarkably. Online shopping helps the customers in effective decision making sitting at home. There are various factors that virtual reality takes into consideration like market disruption, reduction of friction and rich customer feedback. The radical development of internet has helped the customers to access the products at any point of time using the Smartphone or laptops. An idea of immersive shopping came up from an organization that helped the customers in scrutinizing the vi rtual versions of the products, move through the virtual shops and make a purchase of them. People are facing various problems regarding online purchase of goods and online transactions. Research Methodology Research methodology deals with the different types of techniques and methods of research. Research methodology is a systematic process that assists in conducting the whole research in an organized and systematic manner. The methodology helps in understanding of the different techniques of research. Hence, a research method is described as a structured process of research. Types of investigation There are three types of research study. These are exploratory, hypothesis testing and descriptive research. An exploratory research design is helpful for the researcher when he is not having any clear idea about the particular topic of the research. The research study will be conducted with the help of some scientific point of view. Descriptive research study has a contribution in conducting the research with the help of relevant theories and concepts (Parahoo 2014). It helps in linking the topic of the research with the model or theory. In hypothesis testing, the researcher needs to make a hypothesis about the topic at the initial part of the research (Creswell 2013). The researcher is then required to make analysis of the theories with respect to the models. This research study will include descriptive research by thoroughly analyzing the research topic. Data collection method Various types of data are used for a research process. Data are collected from primary as well as secondary sources. Primary data are the ones that are collected from the respondents through surveys, interviews and questionnaires (Dillman, Smyth and Christian 2014). On the other hand, secondary data is referred to as those collected from sources like journals, websites of companies, blogs and several books (Strauss 2016). The researcher is required to collect data from the primary as well as secondary sources. The researcher will collect the primary data from the common people, the ecommerce companies and the retailers through questionnaires. Secondary data can be collected from the relevant journals, websites and observations from books. There is a huge importance of the secondary data to get the relevant data regarding the topic. For the study of this research, the researcher needs to collect primary data from the common people who do or do not shop online and the retailers. The researcher will make a field survey and take the opinions of the respondents about the future of virtual retailing online shopping, its impact on the retailers and its advantages and disadvantages. The researcher has another way of collecting the feedback and taking the responses of the people through online. He will be responsible for sending the postal questionnaire to the people and collect their feedback. The researcher may share the screen with the respondents and help them in understanding about how to give their opinions. The primary data will be helpful in getting to know the insight into what the customers feel about virtual online shopping and whether it is providing any advantages to them (Peppers and Rogers 2016). Secondary sources will be able to give an understanding of the theoretical views about online shopping, its ad vantages and disadvantages, its impact on the retail stores and the impact of virtual reality on online shopping. This information will not be as updated since it will be taken from any journals or articles, published earlier. So focus should be given on the primary data more than that of the secondary data. Sampling method There are mainly two types of sampling method in a research process. These are probability and non-probability sampling. These types are very much effective in an attempt to select the samples for conducting the survey and collect the data for analysis and findings. Probability sampling helps in selecting the respondents in a random manner (Rea and Parker 2014). Simple random technique is a very effective technique for probability sampling and can be used in this type of research (Fowler 2013). On the other hand, non-probability sampling is quite different from the probability sampling and through this type of sampling; the researcher always has the option of choosing the sample according to his or her need. The researcher of this research will use the probability sampling method to select the sample of the respondents for the research. The researcher will select the respondents in a random manner to collect their views about virtual reality online shopping by using the simple random sampling. Accessibility issues There is every chance of a researcher to face difficulties in accessing the relevant data or collection of necessary information in the research process (Denscombe 2014). The feedbacks of the respondents are not always right and the analysis gives rise to incorrect inferences. They may give positive as well as negative feedback about any topic or company. The researcher faces various types of issues regarding the data to be collected. People are very busy and have very less time to give their feedback out of their busy schedule. Various retailers may not be willing to give their consent about the impacts of virtual reality online shopping on the retail stores to maintain the reputation of their brands in the market. Many people are not aware about the virtual reality online shopping, proper information will not be available for the research analysis, and the objectives of the research may not be met. Ethical issues The researcher of the project needs to maintain some ethical issues while conducting the entire research process. The researcher should not reveal the personal details of the respondents for the sake of privacy. As per the Data Protection Act 1998, the researcher needs to maintain privacy of the data as well so that others are not able to know about the information being collected (Merriam and Tisdell 2015). The data that will be collected for analysis should not be published in the public. The researcher is also responsible for taking the consent of the respondents and gives them flexibility in giving their responses. The researcher must use the data for ethical purposes so that any organizations or individuals are benefitted out of it. Data analysis plan The plan regarding analysis of data in the research is primarily of two types, qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques. The researcher will take the assistance of the quantitative data analysis to make an analysis of the data that will be collected from the different retailers and customers who prefer online shopping. Quantitative data analysis will be helpful for the evaluation process so that it can be done in a descriptive manner (Clemence, Doise and Lorenzi-Cioldi 2014). The researcher shall take the help of questionnaires to collect the responses of the customers and the retailers. This will be similar to a survey about the impact and the future of virtual reality online shopping. The interview of the respondents may be structured, unstructured or semi-structured. The impacts of the virtual reality online shopping, future and advantages of virtual reality online shopping will be assessed with the help of the data to be collected. Research limitations There will be a number of limitations regarding the conduction of the research by the researcher. Time constraint is a factor to be considered in the research. Another factor is the budget required for the conduction of the research. These two limitations must be taken into account before initiating the research. Structure of the proposed research The research proposal contains five important parts. The first part is the introductory one, which contains the aim of the research and questions of the research. Second part is the literature review that deals with the key elements of the topic. The third part is the methodology which is the most significant portion of the research proposal. It contains the data collection process, sampling and the techniques of data analysis. The fourth one is the findings and analysis of the data that have been collected. The last part is the conclusion of the entire research. Time horizon (Gantt Chart) Main stages/activities Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Topic selection Data collection from the secondary sources Framing layout of the research Literature Review Formation of the research plan Selection of the appropriate research techniques Primary collection of data Analysis and interpretation of data collection Conclusion of the study Formation of draft Submission of final work Figure 1: Time Chart (Source: created by author) First week is used for the selection of the topic and collection of data by taking the help of the various secondary sources like journals and books. The second week is also taken for the collection of the data, literature review and the framing of the research layout. The third week is also for literature review and formulation of the research plan. The fourth week is concerned with the selection of the appropriate research technique, primary collection of data and analysis of the collected data. The fifth week will be taken for making a conclusion of the research and formation of the draft. The sixth week will be taken for the final submission of the research work. Expected Result The research proposal will help in finding out the impact that will be created with respect to virtual reality modes in online shopping. It can be seen that these methods helps in attracting many customers of the modern world. The impact of 3D in the technical part has affected the level of communication in a positive manner for the owners of the retail stores. It will also result in evaluating the various factors that are the disruptions in the market, friction reduction and the effective feedback of the customers. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that the most important part for this topic is the literature review portion, which has helped me in gaining a better insight about the online shopping methods with respect to virtual reality. The 3D style of virtual reality has helped in gaining more success and created an impact on the online shopping methods, which has increased the communication of the customers with those of the retailers. This has led to a reduction in the number of customers visiting the stores for purchasing the products, as the extensive use of internet has helped in revolutionizing the modes of online shopping. The use of the techniques that are available in the research methods will help me in progressing with the study in an efficient manner. References Clemence, A., Doise, W. and Lorenzi-Cioldi, F., 2014. The quantitative analysis of social representations. Routledge. Creswell, J.W., 2013. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Denscombe, M., 2014. The good research guide: for small-scale social research projects. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Dillman, D.A., Smyth, J.D. and Christian, L.M., 2014. Internet, phone, mail, and mixed-mode surveys: the tailored design method. John Wiley Sons. Fowler Jr, F.J., 2013. Survey research methods. Sage publications. Merriam, S.B. and Tisdell, E.J., 2015. Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. John Wiley Sons. Parahoo, K., 2014. Nursing research: principles, process and issues. Palgrave Macmillan. Peppers, D. and Rogers, M., 2016. Managing Customer Experience and Relationships: A Strategic Framework. John Wiley Sons. Rea, L.M. and Parker, R.A., 2014. Designing and conducting survey research: A comprehensive guide. John Wiley Sons. Strauss, J., 2016. E-marketing. Routledge. Introduction There is an importance of writing the journals in a reflective manner, as it helps the students to reflect the new knowledge that they have gained during the course of the research process and in class as well. It helps in solidifying the experiences that is associated with learning by recording the resources that helped them during the course along with the new knowledge, which will help them in developing a new conclusion. From the present course, I have been able to gain enough knowledge about virtual reality that can help in the online shopping methods for the consumers. By researching from the books, websites and journals that have been published previously authored by different writers, I have gained ample amount of knowledge with respect to the topic by reviewing the literatures, which has also helped me in designing the research methodology so that the research can be conducted in an efficient manner. Reflective Journal Scope The potential benefits that are present while gaining knowledge about the topic by conducting the research, helps in making a self-assessment about the topic that is provided for the study. The reflective journal helps the students is forming opinions about the missing areas, which can be improved during the course of the study. On the contrary, it can be seen that with the help of reflective journals, the strong points can be identified through the study, which can be applied in a real life scenario. Additionally, it helps the students to create new opinions and view things on a broader perspective, as the risks can be identified that are present while exploring or thinking and when applying the knowledge in practical as well. Reflective Analysis Overview of the industry The first assignment deals with the literature review about what the different authors have stated about virtual reality and its impact on the online shopping. From the first assignment, I have gained enough knowledge about what the authors have tried to assert and the how virtual reality is gaining popularity among the consumers. I have also experienced the pain of standing in the queue while going to shop in the shopping malls or any reality stores. I was unaware about virtual reality earlier like many people. Techniques of virtual reality This assignment has helped me in gaining enough knowledge about the online shopping and the different tools and techniques used in the virtual reality like creation of 3D virtual world for the process of effective communication between the retailers and the shoppers. I have come to know about how the authors have critically argued about the importance of virtual reality and its impacts on the online shopping and the offline retail stores (Merchant et al. 2014). Advantages and disadvantages of virtual reality As far as I am aware about the assignments, the authors have stated about the advantages and disadvantages of virtual reality online shopping. There are many gaps in the research conducted by the different authors about the impacts of virtual reality (Wexelblat 2014). This is an emerging topic in the market and people are doing various researches about the virtual reality and how it can be improved for the various other reasons. I also get to know that there are significant impacts of the technological features like perceived interactivity, perceived personalization and perceived sociability (Rix, Haas and Teixeira 2016). Analysis I leant that virtual reality helps in the virtual communication that are different from face-to-face communication. Virtual reality assists the consumers in getting a proper understanding of the journey of the consumers, correct identification of the blind spots that are available in the stores and also measure the time spent by them in the stores in viewing the products. After the thorough learning of the assignment, I came to know about the different factors that have been mentioned in the assignment. These are market disruption, reduction of the friction and the rich customer feedback. These factors helped to know more about the virtual reality (Otaduy, Okamura and Subramanian 2016). Popularity of virtual reality Virtual reality is gaining popularity because of the availability of rich contents. As per my analysis, the retailers are differentiating themselves from the competitors through the proper usage of virtual reality (Olshannikova et al. 2015). The smaller businesses are enjoying the advantages of getting faster to the market because of the virtual reality. They are able to introduce more innovative products in the market and getting the feedback of the people. I think that these need to be done on a continuous basis so that they can attract more customers in the future and get success. This also helps in the enhancement of the brand value (Gregory 2017). Efforts of the retailers I have read that the retailers are always trying to reduce the effort of the consumers in purchasing the products. This have rise to a number of ecommerce companies that are very successful in the market. The retail stores are incurring huge losses as per the different articles and journals. The retailers are trying to have frictionless transactions with the customers so that they do not get the pain of travelling to the retail stores, stand in the queue and spent lots of time and energy (Brown and Green 2016). Virtual reality helps the customers in shopping online and more cashless transactions. As per my thoughts, people do not always have the money ready in hand. This leads to problems in purchasing of products at that point of time. Cashless transactions help in purchasing of any kinds of products at any point of time. There are disadvantages of many things apart from the advantages. The disadvantages of virtual reality give an indication that people must be aware while purchasin g products online (Seidel and Chatelier 2013). Various types of frauds There are various types of frauds taking place in the online transactions. I have read and understood that virtual reality is also known as immersive multimedia or computer simulated multimedia. Oculus Rift, PlayStation and HTC Vive are the mainstream medium for virtual reality (van Gelder et al. 2017). Internet has also helped in increasing the popularity of virtual reality. The case of a company mentioned in the assignment helped in getting an insight into how the companies are utilizing the concept of virtual shopping (Huang et al. 2016). Strategy of marketing As per my analysis, virtual reality has become a clever strategy of marketing for the products. Virtual reality helps in the 3-D digital mock up, product life cycle management and 3-D design software. The interface in the online shopping helps in improving the interaction between the customers and the computer. It also helps in increasing the effectiveness of viewing three dimensional photo realistic items, real time interactivity of the consumers and services regarding fully interactive product customization. The assignment helps in gaining knowledge about the future of virtual reality, which will be helpful for me in the future in accessing the online form of purchasing products (Ruhrmair et al. 2015). Proposal of the research The second assignment deals with the proposal of a research that needs to be undertaken since many gaps have been identified in the first one. I have come to know about the way a research needs to be done to get the necessary data. I have understood the various ways a sample from the entire population can be drawn so that we can get the best responses according to the needs. The aim and objectives of the research needs to be properly formulated so that the research can be done properly taking into consideration the topic. The proposal has tried to figure out the impacts of virtual reality on the retail stores, the future of virtual reality online shopping, the advantages and disadvantages of virtual reality and the impact of virtual reality on the online shopping. It is very important and critical to address the research questions in the proposal. The second assignment also discusses about the literature review about the statements of the authors. Sampling method According to me, the research methodology is the most important part of the research proposal. The research methodology takes into consideration the sampling method, the types of investigation to be conducted and the methods of collection of data. The methods of collection of data are very significant in any research process. I strongly feel that the respondents need to be given liberty and flexibility in giving their responses. Data collection techniques I have gathered knowledge about the sources of primary as well as secondary sources of data. The primary sources are the collection of data through surveys and online and offline questionnaires. The questions can be open ended as well as closed ended. Open-ended questionnaires give more flexibility to the respondents. Secondary sources of information are the various journals, books and articles. People who do not have time and energy to do field survey and collect information are resorted to secondary sources of information. Internet helps in this process of accumulating data from the journals and articles. On the other hand, as per my observation, information from the primary sources help in understanding the thoughts of the respondents that is occurring presently and updated. There are various types of sampling methods in a research process. I have gathered enough information about probability and non-probability sampling. Type of sampling for the research I have inferred that probability sampling helps in selecting the respondents randomly from the entire population. Non-probability sampling helps the researcher to choose the samples according to his own needs. If I perform any research, I need to keep many factors in mind including the ethical issues. I need to stay ethical in conducting any research. Many people will not be interested in giving their responses for the research to be done. I must not disclose the personal details of the respondents as well as maintain the privacy of data that will be collected during the research. I have great responsibilities in utilizing the data in the future. The analysis of the data that have been collected, is very critical for the proper addressing of the topic. In accordance with the assignment 2, many people may not be aware about the concept of virtual reality and this can be a drawback in the collection of data. Proper data will not be gathered if proper response is not received. The resea rch proposal has also included a fact that most of the retailers will not be interested in giving responses as they want to deny the fact that the popularity of online shopping is gaining popularity and will be more beneficial to people in the future. The last but not the least part that I have learnt from the assignment 2 is that the Gantt chart helps in keeping a track of the whole research process. The chart includes the course of actions in the different weeks of a month. This helps in making the research successful within a specific period. Conclusion These assignments have helped me in gaining adequate knowledge about the how a research proposal is made and how virtual reality will help the customers at large for online shopping in future. The reflective journal helps in gaining knowledge about what has been done in the last two assignments and what I have learned from them. The advantages and disadvantages of virtual reality on online shopping, the future of virtual reality online shopping, its impact on the online shopping and the advantages and disadvantages have been considered in the reflective journal. It has also stated about what I have learnt about the research proposal and how the researches are done using the various research techniques. Reference List Brown, A. and Green, T., 2016. Virtual reality: Low-cost tools and resources for the classroom.TechTrends,60(5), pp.517-519. Gregory, J., 2017.Virtual reality. Cherry Lake. Huang, Y.C., Backman, K.F., Backman, S.J. and Chang, L.L., 2016. Exploring the implications of virtual reality technology in tourism marketing: An integrated research framework.International Journal of Tourism Research,18(2), pp.116-128. Merchant, Z., Goetz, E.T., Cifuentes, L., Keeney-Kennicutt, W. and Davis, T.J., 2014. Effectiveness of virtual reality-based instruction on students' learning outcomes in K-12 and higher education: A meta-analysis.Computers Education,70, pp.29-40. Olshannikova, E., Ometov, A., Koucheryavy, Y. and Olsson, T., 2015. Visualizing Big Data with augmented and virtual reality: challenges and research agenda.Journal of Big Data,2(1), p.22. Otaduy, M.A., Okamura, A. and Subramanian, S., 2016, July. Haptic technologies for direct touch in virtual reality. InACM SIGGRAPH 2016 Courses(p. 13). ACM. Rix, J., Haas, S. and Teixeira, J. eds., 2016.Virtual prototyping: Virtual environments and the product design process. Springer. Rhrmair, U., Martinez-Hurtado, J.L., Xu, X., Kraeh, C., Hilgers, C., Kononchuk, D., Finley, J.J. and Burleson, W.P., 2015, May. Virtual proofs of reality and their physical implementation. InSecurity and Privacy (SP), 2015 IEEE Symposium on(pp. 70-85). IEEE. Seidel, R.J. and Chatelier, P.R. eds., 2013.Virtual reality, trainings future?: perspectives on virtual reality and related emerging technologies(Vol. 6). Springer Science Business Media. van Gelder, J.L., Nee, C., Otte, M., Demetriou, A., van Sintemaartensdijk, I. and van Prooijen, J.W., 2017. Virtual burglary: Exploring the potential of virtual reality to study burglary in action.Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency,54(1), pp.29-62. Wexelblat, A. ed., 2014.Virtual reality: applications and explorations. Academic Press.

Reflects on the Society in Gullivers Travels Essay Example

Reflects on the Society in Gullivers Travels Paper Reflects on the Society in Gullivers Travels Jonathan Swift wrote Gullivers Travels in 1762 with the intent of providing entertainment for people. Entertainment through satire was what Swift had in mind. In Gullivers Travels, Jonathan Swift traveled to four different foreign countries, each representing a corrupt part of England. Swift criticized the corruption of such parts and focused on the government, society, science, religion and man. Not only did Swift criticize the customs of each country, he mocked the naive man who was unable to figure out the double meaning of things. When reading Gullivers Travels, reflects upon plot, characters, settings, theme, point of view, conflicts, climax, resolution, symbolism and figurative language will be of great help to comprehend the ideas portrayed throughout the novel as well as how Swift developed the story. I. Settings of Gullivers Travels The setting plays an important role in all novels, but in Gulliver’s Travels, one must take into consideration that the four different parts of the book have separate settings. The first setting was more or less on an island called Lilliput where Gulliver cast ashore due to a ship wrecks on November 5, 1699. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflects on the Society in Gullivers Travels specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Reflects on the Society in Gullivers Travels specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Reflects on the Society in Gullivers Travels specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The setting of the second part in the novel happened to be upon his arrival at another island which Gulliver had wished to inspect for water. The third part of the book consisted of many different little scenes where Gulliver’s experience on an island called Laputa was pictured first. The fourth and also the last part of the book took place in the country of Houyhnhnms 1711. II. Discussion of Characters a) The Main Character Gulliver, main character in the novel, used to be a well educated sailor who was recommended to be a surgeon later. Traveling around the world and exploring new places, Gulliver had met many new cultures and civilizations. He wore clothes uncommon in 1700s and had long hair which sometimes restricted him from turning his head. Gulliver was a sophisticated character and this could be seen when he referred to past experiences during an adventure. However, by the end of Book II in Gullivers Travels, it was very clear that the character of Gulliver was not the same man who wrote the letter in the beginning of the story. In fact, he was not the same man he was in Book I. From the onset of Gullivers Travels, Swift created for us a seemingly competent character and narrator in Gulliver from whom we could learn how adventures have changed him and his perception of people. Gulliver is an entirely credible and probable person as well as the one being the instrument for Swifts satire. In his incredible circumstances, Gulliver proved himself resourceful and observant of his surroundings, thus he could change in accordance with the places he visited and the events he witnessed. As a traveler in Lilliput, he was careful in observations and complete in descriptions. Occupied as he was with the surface of things, we see Gullivers problem of not seeing with eyes wide open wane his judgment of character, making him become more and more narrow-minded as the story proceeded. On the whole, Gulliver is a very frustrating character to deal with for a number of reasons. For example, he is not steady. This unsteadiness as a narrator leads us to question the validity of what Gulliver told us, which means that we have to be on our guard against what he said. This Gulliver is not, by any means, a wholly allegorical character but as much an individual as the next person. In certain ways, Gulliver proved to be more resilient than the ordinary man was by managing to survive the disastrous shipwrecks and people so foreign they might as well be aliens. Still in other ways Gulliver is a naive person, bereft of decency and consideration. b) Other Minor Characters In Gullivers Travels, there were many minor characters more easily referred to in the names of their peoples. They were: the small Lilliputians, the giant Brobdingnags, the creatures at Lugnagg and Balnibarbi islands of Laputa and Blubdrubdrib, and finally the Yahoos and Houyhnhnms. III. Study of the Context ) Satires of English Politics In Gullivers first travel where he visited Lilliput, Gulliver was faced with the minute people called Lilliputians. Now while this was the premise for a fantasy story, Swift used the events within to make severe criticisms of England between reigns of Queen Anne and George ?. The people of Lilliput were about six inches tall and their size signified that their mot ives, acts, and humanity were the same dwarfish. The political parties of the British government were represented by the conservative High Heels who depicted the Tories and the progressive Low Heels, or Whigs. As their names, the distinguishing mark of the parties was the height of their heels. Within these two parties, Swift criticized the English political parties, and the Prince of Wales. Swift also mocked the religion war that was going on in England through the use of war between Lilliput and its nearest neighbor, Blefuscu. Swift also used terms High Heels and Low Heels to compare the meaningless battles of the Whigs and Tories, such as the height of heels. b) Filthy Characteristics of Man With Gullivers next travel, we find him in Brobdingnag. His voyage showed us the filthily mental and physical characteristics of man. Here, Gulliver was confronted with an adult nurse who repulsively revealed her breasts to Gulliver. This reminded him of how the Lilliputians found his skin full of craterlike pores and stumps of hair growing from them. The odor of the immense creatures was offending and it caused Gulliver to recall the fact that the Lilliputians were also offended of his body odor. In Laputa, Gulliver was confronted with the old age Struldbuggs which looked utterly hideous due to an old age and the deterioration of their bodies. The Yahoos from the land of Houyhnhnms were filthy, uncivilized creatures who used their own dung as a weapon. In these descriptions, Swift criticized both the moral and physical corruption of man. c) Society’s Unrealistic Ideas Gullivers third voyage to the floating island of Laputa was one of the most satirical of the whole book. In this voyage Swift criticized the Royal Society of England, saying it was composed of useless philosophers, inventors and scientists. The floating island signified that the inhabitants were composed of the same airy constitution as the environment. Projects done by such people were summed up by the Universal Artist who directed his followers to turn useful things into the exact opposite, resulting in useless achievements. Some of the experiments held were to create tangible air, wool-less sheep and horses with stone hooves. The flying island itself expressed not only the desertion on the common earth of reality but their conversion of the universe to a mechanism and of living to a mechanical process. IV. Analysis of Specific Scenes a) On the Lilliput Island On Lilliput Island, Gulliver seemed to be eminently fair-minded compared to the cunning, vindictive, petty Lilliputians. Literally a giant in their land, Gulliver never took unfair advantage of his size in his dealing with them. Though they were violent with him, he never retaliated. He was frequently injured, as the kings dwarf took out his frustrations on Gulliver. But the latter was an improvement from his job as a freak at village fairs. In this section, the royal palace was accidentally set on fire, containing the empress inside. Instead of making his way across town, to the ocean, and squashed the people of Lilliput as he went, Gulliver made use of his urine to save the palace. While this vulgar episode was a display of bravery, it infuriated the emperor, causing revenge to be vowed on Gulliver. Rather than be happy for that both the emperor and the palace were not in ruin, the littleness of the government and the people in general was displayed in this act. Another display of this was the fact that Gulliver had been used as the Emperors absolute weapon, but the emperor only used him to conquer his world of two islands, which had made the emperors ambition seemed extremely low. b) On the Land of Houyhnhnms In the fourth part of the novel, Gulliver traveled to the land of the Houyhnhnms and came across a pack of Yahoos and was instantly appalled by them. There he quoted, Upon the whole, I never beheld in all my travels so disagreeable and animal, or one against which I naturally conceived so strong an antipathy. † This statement was of best ironic, for Gulliver never saw the resemblances between the Yahoos and himself. Afterwards, he encountered the rational Houyhnhnms and he immediately realized the common characteristics he had in common with the Yahoos. The Yahoos were portrayed as savage animals with human characteristics, which was the biggest mockery of mankind in the whole book. The Yahoos were so greedy that they would fight over enough food to feed an entire army of fifty soldiers just to keep it to themselves. They would poison their own bodies by sucking a root, similar to alcohol, to reach a high. The female population of the Yahoos was also given characteristics of ladies of the royal stature. Their gestures of hiding behind bushes and trees as well as looking at the passing-by males gave the impression of a woman hiding her face behind a fan while looking flirtatiously over her shoulder. The smell associated with the female Yahoos was similar to the perfume ladies wear to attract men. By the time Gulliver returned to England, he became completely antisocial, disgusted by the sight of his own wife and children. Gullivers desire to become a Houyhnhnm gave the reader an impression that he was a pathetic man who strived to become someone he could never be. ) Interpretation of the Theme Many critics who criticized Gullivers Travels had used the word â€Å"extraneous† more than once. Swift was viewed as an insane person who was a failure in life. But this was far from the truth, for the theme of this story is how human nature and reason reflect society. Written from real experience, Gullivers Travels is assigned to students for years. It’s Swifts experience of the Tories and their conflicts with the Whigs caused him to write such work to mock religious beliefs, government or people with views differed from his own. Broadly, the book has three themes: satirical views of the state of European government, and of petty differences between religions; an inquiry into whether men are inherently corrupt or whether they become corrupted; a restatement of the ancients versus moderns controversy. Bibliography and Website * * Jonathan Swift, Gulliver’s Travels Penguin Books Ltd (UK), 2007 * Ronald Knowles, Gulliver’s Travels: the Politics of Satires Twayne Publishers, 1996 * Wikipedia-http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/main_page